Neuroimaging of the Auditory and Vestibular Systems: A Clinician’s Guide

A modern introduction to the field, Neuroimaging of the Auditory and Vestibular Systems: A Clinician’s Guide is a comprehensive resource for audiologists, neurologists, radiologists, otolaryngologists, and neurotologists. This text equips clinicians with the knowledge of imaging modalities used to evaluate conditions affecting the auditory and vestibular systems, promoting efficient and effective patient care.

Clinicians will be provided with information about the anatomy and physiology of the auditory and vestibular systems, as well as, the fundamental concepts, indications, and utility of neuroimaging of this region to distinguish pathology from normal anatomy. This text also systematically describes common pathologic conditions found in the ear and lateral skull base beginning with the external ear and ending with the central nervous system. Each condition is described in terms of an overview, medical evaluation, audiological evaluation, imaging modalities and findings, and treatment considerations. Through the study of each of these anatomy-themed chapters of the auditory and vestibular system, clinicians can gain competence and confidence in differentiating pathologic conditions that may present in similar locations with similar symptoms yet have different imaging finding. The integration of transdisciplinary perspectives into the text makes this a special addition to the market. 

Written by a team of distinguished professionals, every chapter will include relevant and up-to-date material on the use of neuroimaging modalities to optimize auditory and vestibular healthcare, and is widely applicable to diverse clinicians in the field. The emphasis on the importance of incorporating and interpreting neuroimaging in clinical practice can enhance collaborative communication and patient care.

Key Features

• Anatomy-based description of common pathologic conditions 
• Comprehensive depiction of pathology through detailed complementary MRI and CT images 
• Presentation of audiological findings that correlate with clinical scenarios
• Foreword written by Frank E. Musiek, PhD, CCC-A (Ret.)
• Transdisciplinary and multi-institutional contributions from experts in audiology, otolaryngology, neurotology, and radiology

From the Foreword

"Drs. Bush, Chapman, Shinn, and Zeitler have assembled a highly qualified group of neurologists, neuroradiologists, and audiologists who have made notable contributions to this book. The editors and contributors represent a variety of well-respected institutions across the country. In addition, extensive clinical experience, surgical expertise, and necessary knowledge for the interface of radiology with the auditory and vestibular systems. In general, Neuroimaging of the Auditory and Vestibular Systems: A Clinician’s Guide, focuses on radiography of the ear and lateral skull base, and provides clinicians with essential information regarding the auditory and vestibular systems. This designed approach is used for the reader to understand the complex anatomy and physiology of this region and the associated pathological processes. A fundamental knowledge of the various imaging modalities, indications, and clinical utility of diagnostic imaging supports accurate and efficient clinical decision making. The goal of this textbook is to equip readers with the knowledge of imaging modalities that are used to evaluate conditions affecting the auditory and vestibular system. This book will provide readers with a clinically relevant and anatomy-based systematic approach to understanding and interpreting imaging of the auditory-vestibular pathway, with special attention to individual anatomic regions. In addition, provided are clinical correlations of common disease processes that affect the anatomy and physiology of each region. This knowledge is valuable to a wide range of clinicians involved in auditory and vestibular healthcare, and can promote transdisciplinary communication and collaboration in patient care.

. . .This work is the first to be wholly dedicated to addressing radiology and the auditory and vestibular systems within a clinically relevant framework. Another special aspect is that it carefully covers both the peripheral and central balance and hearing structures and related disorders. Commonly, peripheral problems are handled by otologic and central disorders by neurologic communications. This segregation often leaves “gaps” in coverage. Neuroimaging of the Auditory and Vestibular Systems provides a smooth transition between peripheral and central auditory and vestibular problems as well as the related underlying functional anatomy. In regard, to the latter, this book provides a nice review of underlying auditory and vestibular anatomy. Available to the readership is easily accessed information about relevant structures all too often the details of which, are forgotten or faded from memory. This coverage in chapters 3 and 4 helps link the anatomy, with radiology and disorders of the vestibular and auditory systems discussed in later chapters. . . .Key to teaching radiology are clear and relevant images. This text provides this clarity not only for CT and MRI but also for the written descriptions of these images. Related to this are case studies profiling the rationale for the selection of CT versus MRI. In addition, cases of both peripheral and central disorders are well illustrated and discussed. These and previously mentioned aspects of this textbook, by design, make it attractive to a broad-based readership. Graduate students in audiology, the neurosciences, as well as residents in otolaryngology, neurology and neurosurgery and those professionals practicing in these areas will find this text informative, relevant, and useable. I can see this book becoming the “go to” resource and guide for those professionals in the clinical setting serving patients with disorders of the auditory and vestibular systems." 
—Frank E. Musiek, PhD, CCC-A (Ret.)

Foreword by Frank Musiek
Acknowledgments
About the Editors
Contributors

Chapter 1. Introduction and Overview
Matthew L. Bush, Jennifer B. Shinn, Daniel Zeitler, and Margaret N. Chapman

Introduction
Overview
Summary

Chapter 2. Principles of Radiology: Modalities, Methods, and Indications
V. Carlota Andreu-Arasa, Margaret N. Chapman, and Osamu Sakai

Introduction
Computed Tomography (CT)
Computed Tomography Cisternography (CT-C)
Computed Tomography Angiography and Computed Tomography Venography
Dual-Energy Computed Tomography (DE-CT)
Magnetic Resonance (MR) Imaging
Magnetic Resonance Angiography
Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Cisternography
Nuclear Medicine
Paraganglioma detection
Digital Substraction Angiography
Summary

Chapter 3. Structure and Function of the Auditory System
Stephanie J. Youssef, Matthew A. Shew, and Cameron C. Wick

Anatomy and Physiology of the Auditory System
Cochlear Nerve
Central Auditory Pathway
Overview of Imaging Techniques for the Auditory System

Chapter 4. Structure and Function of the Vestibular System
Nicholas S. Andresen, Desi P. Schoo, Lakir D. Patel, Molly A. Wingfield, and Yuri A. Agrawal

Anatomy and Physiology of the Vestibular System
Central Vestibular System
Peripheral Vestibular System
Overview of Imaging Techniques for the Vestibular System
Imaging Characteristics by Region
Conclusion

Chapter 5. External Ear
Nathaniel Breslin, Michael Achilleos, Johanna Whitson, and Jacob B. Hunter

Introduction
Otitis Externa
Neoplasms
Osteomas and Exostoses
Cholesteatoma and Keratosis Obturans
Stenosis and Atresia
Conclusion
Appendix

Chapter 6. Middle Ear and Mastoid
Michael H. Freeman, Joseph M. Aulino, and Elizabeth L. Perkins

Introduction
Vascular anomalies
Jugular Bulb Anomalies
Aberrant Carotid Artery
Persistent Stapedial Artery
Eustachian Tube Dysfunction and Otitis Media
Otitis Media
Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion
Tympanosclerosis
Otosclerosis
Cholesteatoma
Primary Tumors of the Middle Ear
Other Primary Middle Ear Tumors
Trauma – Fracture patterns, Ossicular Discontinuity, Facial Nerve Injuries
Ossicular chain disruption
Facial nerve injury as a complication of temporal bone fracture
CSF leak and Encephalocele 
Summary

Chapter 7. Inner Ear
Janice J. Chung, Amy F. Juliano, and Elliott D. Kozin

Anatomic Overview
Congenital Cochleovestibular Malformations
Cochlear Fibrosis and Ossification
Labyrinthitis Ossificans
Cochlear Implantation: Intra-operative & Post-operative Evaluation
Endolymphatic Sac Tumor
Meniere’s disease
Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence
Summary

Chapter 8. Lateral Skull Base
Mana Espahbodi, Kaden Neuberger, Richard H. Wiggens, III, and Richard K. Gurgel

The Skull
Asymmetric Pneumatization of the Petrous Apex and Asymmetric Bone Marrow
Petrous Apicitis
Petrous Apex Cholesterol Granuloma
Petrous Apex Epidermoid (Cholesteatoma)
Petrous Apex Cephaloceles
Petrous Apex Effusion
Petrous Apex Mucocele
Petrous Apex Carotid Artery Aneurysm
Osteodystrophies
Osteitis Deformans (Paget’s Disease)
Osteopetrosis
Neoplasms
Osteosarcoma
Chordoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Plasmacytoma/Multiple Myeloma
Metastatic Malignancy to the Lateral Skull Base
Facial Nerve Pathologies
Tympanic Facial Nerve Dehiscence
Bell’s Palsy and Ramsay Hunt Syndrome
Facial Nerve Schwannoma
Facial Nerve Venous Malformation (Hemangioma)
Malignant facial nerve invasion
Summary

Chapter 9. Cerebellopontine Angle
James R. Dornhoffer, Paul J. Farnsworth, John C. Benson, John I. Lane, and Matthew L. Carlson

Overview
Congenital Disorders
Vascular Loop Syndrome
Tumors
Meningioma
Neurofibromatosis Type 2
Lipoma
Epidermoid Cyst
Dermoid cyst
Arachnoid Cyst
Metastatic Disease
Complications and Surgical Emergencies
Hematoma
Summary

Chapter 10. Central Auditory System
Nathan D. Cass, Amanda G. Davis, and Flavius D. Raslau

Introduction
Neoplasm
Neurodegenerative Disorders
Cerebrovascular Disorders
Traumatic Injuries
Congenital Disorders
Summary