Introduction to Audiological Rehabilitation: Facilitating Communication Across the Lifespan

Introduction to Audiologic Rehabilitation, Eighth Edition offers a comprehensive exploration of aural rehabilitation spanning across the lifespan. Written in an accessible style for undergraduate students, the text covers the fundamentals, methods of assessment and management, technologies, and contemporary issues for a thorough understanding of audiologic rehabilitation practices. Two chapters focus solely on real-world case studies addressing the needs of children and adults. There are detailed chapters on hearing aids and hearing assistive technologies, cochlear implants, auditory and visual stimuli in communication, language and speech of the deaf and hard of hearing, psychosocial aspects of hearing loss, and more.

New to the Eighth Edition

• Previously black and white, the book now has enhanced 2-color design
• Discussion of current issues and trending topics including Over-the-Counter hearing aids
• Highlights related to telepractice and teleaudiology
• Addition of diversity, equity, and inclusion topics related to hearing health disparities and audiologic rehabilitations
• Updated PluralPlus companion website with instructor and student resources

Key Features

• Based on a proven model framed within the concepts of the World Health Organization
• Authored by leading experts ensuring current, evidence-based information
• Emphasis on a multidisciplinary approach, recognizing the collaborative nature of audiologic rehabilitation involving professionals in audiology, speech-language pathology, and related fields
• Case studies offer application opportunities across the lifespan
• Each chapter includes activities, recommended readings, and websites for additional resources
• Visual aids, including figures, tables, and photos enhance student comprehension, particularly for complex topics such as cochlear implants and auditory stimulation
• Appendices containing valuable terms, definitions, and additional resources for easy reference

PluralPlus Online Ancillary Materials

For instructors: PowerPoint slides and test bank
For students: Videos, study quizzes, learning activities, links to related resources, and downloadable forms

Preface
Acknowledgements
Contributors
Dedication

Chapter 1. Overview of Audiologic Rehabilitation
Jeff Brockett, Ronald L. Schow, and Chris A. Sanford
Learning Outcomes
Introduction
Definitions and Synonyms
Historical Background of Audiologic Rehabilitation
    Infants
    Children
    Adults
Providers of Audiologic Rehabilitation
    Education Requirements for AR Providers
    Settings For Audiologic Rehabilitation
Hearing Loss Characteristics
Degree of Hearing Loss and Configuration
    Type of Loss
    Auditory Speech Recognition Ability
    Time of Onset
    Prevalence of Hearing Loss
    Consequences of Hearing Loss: Primary and Secondary
An AR Model-CORE and CARE
    Rehabilitation Assessment Procedures – CORE
    Management Procedures – CARE
Outcome Measures
Contemporary Issues
    Professional Issues
    Evidence-Based Practice
Multicultural Issues
    Equity in Hearing Healthcare
The Current Status of AR
Summary
    Summary Points
Supplementary Learning
Recommended Reading
Recommended Websites
References

Chapter 2. Hearing Aids and Hearing Assistive Technologies
Elizabeth Preston and Jess Stich-Hennen
Learning Outcomes
Introduction
History of Amplification
Hearing Aid Components
    Microphone
    Amplifier (Digital Processor)
    Receiver
    Batteries
Hearing Aid Styles
    Behind-the-Ear
    Receiver-in-the-Canal
    In-the-Ear/In-the-Canal/Completely-in-the-Canal
    Extended-Wear Hearing Aids
The Earmold
Who Is a Hearing Aid Candidate?
    Degree of Hearing Loss
    Degree of Communication Disability
    Motivation to Use Amplification
Hearing Aid Fitting Protocol
    Selection
    Quality Control
    Fitting
    Hearing Aid Orientation
    Verification/Validation/Outcome Measures
Pediatric Fittings
Special Fittings
    Contralateral Routing of the Signal (CROS) Fittings
    Bone-Conduction Hearing Devices
Cochlear and Brainstem Implant
Hearing Assistive Technology, or When a Hearing Aid May Not Be Enough
    Types of Assistive Devices
The Role of the Audiologist in Assistive Listening/Hearing Assistive Technology Systems
    Verifying and Validating the Fitting of HATS
The Bottom Line: Cost Management and Payment for Hearing Aids and Hats
Summary
    Summary Points
    Supplementary Learning Activities
    Recommended Reading
    Recommended Websites
References

Chapter 3. Cochlear Implants
Brittan A. Barker and Camille C. Dunn
Learning Outcomes
Introduction
How Does a Cochlear Implant Work?
History of Cochlear Implants
    Current Cochlear Implant Systems
The Cochlear Implant Team
    Who is a Cochlear Implant Candidate?
    Types of Cochlear Implant Users
    Cultural Responsiveness and Cochlear Implantation
    Cochlear Implantation and Post-Operative Care
    Auditory Training and Intervention Following Cochlear Implantation
    Variables Affecting Performance with Cochlear Implants
Summary
    Summary Points
    Supplementary Learning Activies
    Recommended Readings
    Recommended Websites
References

Chapter 4. Auditory Stimulation in Communication
Blair Richlin and Kristina Blaiser
Learning Outcomes
Introduction
A Communication Model
Auditory Perception
    Development of Auditory Skills
    Basic Perception Abilities
    Acoustics of Speech
    Speech Perception and Comprehension
    Speech Perception and Hearing Loss
The Auditory Training Process
Definition and Application of Auditory Training
Earl Efforts in Auditory Training
    Carhart
Current Approaches to Auditory Training
    Candidacy for Auditory Training
    Assessment of Auditory Skills
Methods of Auditory Training
    Erber
    DASL II
    SKI-HI
    SPICE
    Cochlear Implant Manufacturers
    Consonant Recognition Training
    Communication Training and Therapy
Summary Points
Supplementary Learning Activities
Recommended Reading
    Recommended Websites
References

Chapter 5. Visual Stimuli in Communication
Gabriel A. Bargen and Kristina M. Blaiser
Learning Outcomes
Introduction
Factors Related to Speechreading
Speaker
Signal and Code
Visemes
Visual Intelligibility of Connected Discourse
    Environment
    Speechreader
Speechreading and Hearing Loss
    Assessment of Speechreading Ability
    Hearing Loss and Dependence on Vision
Traditional Speechreading Methods
    Analytic and Synthetic Approaches
    Recent Trends in Speechreading Instruction
Manual Communication
Summary Points
Supplementary Learning Activities
Recommended Reading
References

Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D

Chapter 6. Language and Speech of Individuals who are Deaf and Hard of Hearing
Kristina M. Blaiser and Gabriel A. Bargen
Learning Outcomes
Introduction
Communication Options for Families of Children who are Deaf/Hard of Hearing
    Systems Emphasizing Listening and Spoken Language
    Manual-Visual Systems
    Systems Combining Visual and Auditory Information
Hearing as the Foundation for Speech and Language
Factors Affecting Speech and Language Acquisition
    Language Characteristics of Children with Hearing Loss
    Impact of Hearing Loss on Language Components
Language Assessment
    Formal Language Measures
    Language Sample and Narrative Analysis
Speech Development in Children with Hearing Loss
    Speech Characteristics
    Speech Assessment
Summary
    Summary Points
Supplementary Learning Activities
Recommended Reading
Recommended Websites
References

Chapter 7. Psychosocial Aspects of Being Deaf or Hard of Hearing and Counseling Basics for Audiologists and Speech-Language Pathologists
Amy Szarkowski
Learning Outcomes
Introduction
Psychosocial Aspects of Being Deaf or Hard of Hearing
    Timing of Onset
    Deaf Cultures and Deaf Identities
Considerations for Supporting Individuals who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing
    Children who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing
    Children who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing
    Families Raising Children who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing
    Acquiring Hearing Loss as Adults
    Deafness with a Capital “D”
“Knowing is Not Enough”: Counseling Basics
    Important Disctinctions
    What We May Think Counseling Is
    What Counselors Say Counseling Is
    The Counseling Process
    When to Refer
    Does Counseling Make a Difference?
Summary
Summary Points
Supplementary Learning Activities
Recommended Reading
Recommended Websites
References

Chapter 8. Audiological Rehabilitation Services in the School Setting
Anita Vereb
Learning Outcomes
Introduction
Why AR Services Are Required in School Settings: the Educational Consequences of /H2/ Hearing Differences/Losses
    Hearing Differences/Losses and Learning
    Mandated by Law
Key Components of IDEA
    Least Restrictive Environment
    The Individualized Education Program
Types of Communication Modalities
    Listening and Spoken Language
    Total Communication
    Cued Speech
    American Sign Language
Summary
AR Services Provided in Schools
Screening and Assessment
    Early Identification of Hearing Loss
    Screening in Kindergarten Through Grade 12
    Management of Amplification/Audition
    Direct Instruction and Indirect Consultation
Evaluation and Modification of Classroom Acoustics
Personal FM/DM Systems or Remote Microphone Hearing Assistive Technology (RM-HAT)
    Transition Planning to Postsecondary Placements
    How Services Are Provided
AR Service Providers in School Settings
    Teachers
    Audiologists
    Speech-Language Pathologists
    Related Support Personnel
Services for Children with Auditory Processing Disorders (APD)
    Diagnosis/Assessment of APD
    Remediation of APD
“A Day in the Life” of an Educational Audiologist
Introduction: Educational Audiologists Address a Variety of Rehabilitation Concerns in the School Setting
Summary Points
Supplementary Learning Activities
Recommended Reading
Recommended Resources
    APD Software/Games
Recommended Websites
References

Appendix A

Chapter 9. Audiologic Rehabilitation for Children: Assessment and Management
Kristina M. Blaiser and Gabriel A. Bargen
Learning Outcomes
Introduction
Prevalence of Loss and Level of Service
    Contemporary Efforts to Strengthen the Evidence Base in Audiologic Rehabilitation
Terms and Definitions
Profile of the Client
    Hearing Loss
    Language Stage
    Other Disabling Conditions
Rehabilitation Settings and Providers
Identification and Assessment Procedures with Children
    Early Identification
    School Screening
    Medical and Audiologic Assessment
Aspects of AR: Early Intervention for Parent-Infant and Preschool
    Rehabilitation Assessment: Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP)
Management
    Environmental Coordination and Participation: Working with Families of Infants
Shifting Roles and Strategies in the AR Program
Audibility, Amplification, and Assistive Device Issues
    Hearing Aid Fitting
    Type and Arrangement of Aid
    Hearing Instrument Orientation
    Monitoring Cochlear Implants
Auditory Learning and Development with Hearing Aids and Cochlear Implants
    Naturalistic Approaches at the Parent-Infant and Preschool Levels
Communication and Language Stimulation: Parent-Infant
Counseling and Psychosocial Aspects
    Needs of Parents
    Consultation Between Counselor and AR Professional
Aspects of AR: School Years
    Rehabilitation Assessment: Individualized Education Plan
Management
    Environmental Coordination and Participation
    Child Learning Environment (Classroom Management)
Audibility, Amplification, and Hearing Assistive Technology Issues
    Hearing Aids
    Cochlear Implant Support and Orientation
Remediate Communication and Language Stimulation: School-Age Level
Counseling and Psychosocial Aspects
    Counseling
Children with Auditory Processing Problems
Summary
    Summary Points
Supplementary Learning Activities
Recommended Reading
Recommended Websites
References

Chapter 10. Audiologic Rehabilitation across the Adult Lifespan: Assessment and Management
Michelle Arnold, M. Kathleen Pichora-Fuller, Ronald L. Schow
Learning Outcomes
Introduction
Profile of the Adult Client
    Hearing Loss across the Life Course
    Socio-demographic Differences
    Help-Seeking and Screening
Profile of the Older Adult Client
    Aging and the Auditory System: Age-Related Hearing Loss
    Hearing Loss and Other Age-Related Health Conditions
    Personal and Environmental Factors
Model for Rehabilitation
    CORE Assessment
    CARE Management
    Importance of the Conceptual Framework to AR Practice
Rehabilitation Settings
    Research and Teaching Settings: Universities
    Military and Veterans Administration Medical Centers
    Community Centers, Agencies, and Consumer Groups
Hospitals, Medical Offices, Private Practice Audiologists, and Hearing Instrument Specialists
Rehabilitation Assessment
    Assessing Hearing Loss and Consideration of Comorbid Health Conditions
    Assessing Activity and Participation and Considerations of Social Factors
CORE Assessment Summary
Rehabilitation Management
    Counseling and Psychosocial Considerations with a Health-Promoting Approach
    Communication Goals and Style
Age-Related Changes in Health that Interact with Hearing in Older Adults
    Stress and Coping
Trade-Offs
    Amplification and Other Technological Interventions to Manage Hearing Loss
    Orientation to Instruments
    Individual Orientation
    Orientation in Groups
    The Significant Other
    Advocacy in Restrictive Environments or Residential Care
    Alternative Media
Remediation for Communication Activities
    Conversational Therapy and Tactics
    Simulations and Role Playing
    Empathy and Listening
Environmental Interventions to Improve Participation
Client Profile
    Participation in Situations and Relationships
    Social Environmental Supports
    Physical Environmental Supports
Other Important Issues in the Scope of AR Practice
Vestibular Assessment and Management
    Assessment
    Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapy
Tinnitus Assessment and Management
    Assessment
    Management
    Conclusion
Summary
    Summary Points
Supplementary Learning Activities
Recommended Reading
Recommended Websites
    World Health Organization (WHO) Resources
    Consumer Associations and Resources for the Public
    Websites about AR Tools
References

Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
Appendix E
Appendix F
Appendix G

Chapter 11. Case Studies: Children
Kristina M. Blaiser and Chris A. Sanford
Learning Outcomes
Introduction
Case 1: Matthew-Early Intervention, Multiple Disabilities
    Background Information
    Intervention Plan
    Environmental Coordination and Participation
    Assessment: Post-Implantation
    Psychosocial and Counseling Aspects
    Assessment and Intervention Post Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder
    Communication Rehabilitation Adjustment
    Summary
Case 2: Annie-Routes to Spoken Language Following Cochlear Implantation
    Background Information
    Aural Rehabilitation Plan: Preimplantation
    Aural Rehabilitation Plan: Postimplantation
    Intervention Outcomes
    Summary
Case 3: Amber-Issues Affecting Educational Placement
    Background Information
    Assessment Findings
    Recommendations for Management
    Follow-Up Assessment
Case 4: Greg-Late Identification of a Child Who is Hard of Hearing
    Background Information
    Communication Assessment
    Management
    Intervention Outcomes
    Summary
Case 5: Sam-Differential Diagnosis Through Professional Teamwork: A Tool for Solving Complex Intervention Problems
    Assessment
    Management
    Putting it all Together: Adapting the Educational Environment
Chapter Summary
    Summary Points
Supplementary Learning Activities
Recommended Website
Acknowledgements
References

Chapter 12. Case Studies: Adults
Michael A. Nerbonne, Jeff E. Brockett, Corrie Holmes, and Chris A. Sanford
Learning Outcomes
Introduction
Case 1: Dr. M.-Progressive Hearing Loss
    Case History
    AR Assessment
Management
    Hearing Aid Evaluation and Adjustment
    Communication Training
    Summary
Case 2: Mr. B.-Hearing Loss, Depression, and Successful Hearing Aid Use
    Informational Counseling
    Rehabilitation Assessment
    Overall Participation Variables
    Related Personal Factors
    Environmental Factors
    Rehabilitation Management
    Audibility Management
    Summary
Case 3: J.D.-AR Featuring a Significant Other
    Introduction
    Informational
    Rehabilitation Assessment
    Rehabilitation Management
    Summary
Case 4: Mrs. S.:-Cochlear Implant User
    First Evaluation
    Rehabilitation Assessment
    Second Rehabilitation Assessment
    Post-Cochlear Implant Rehabilitation Management
    Two-Year Post-Cochlear Implant Assessment
    Post-Bilateral Cochlear Implant
    Summary
Case 5: Mrs. E.-Nursing Home Hearing Aid User
    Case History
    Diagnostic Information
    AR
    Summary
Case 6: Ashley-New Technology for an Experienced Hearing Aid User
    Introduction
    Informational Counseling
Rehabilitation Assessment
    Communication Status: Impairment/Activity Limitations
    Communication Assessment
Rehabilitation Management
    Counseling and Psychosocial Issues
    Amplification (Modifying Audibility)
    Hearing Aid Orientation
    Summary
Case 7: Mrs. C.-Dizziness Issues
    Introduction
    Rehabilitation Assessment
    Informational Counseling
    Rehabilitation Management
    Summary
Chapter Summary Points
Supplementary Learning Activities
Acknowledgements
Recommended Reading
Recommended Website
References