Hearing in Children

Sixth Edition

Jerry L. Northern, Marion P. Downs

Details: 720 pages, B&W, Hardcover, 7" x 10"

ISBN13: 978-1-59756-392-5

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About

In this completely updated sixth edition, Hearing in Children thoroughly examines the current knowledge of pediatric audiology, and provides a medical perspective on the identification, diagnosis, and management of hearing loss in children. This enduring text has been the chief pediatric hearing resource used worldwide by audiologists for nearly 40 years.

Key features to Hearing in Children, Sixth Edition include:

An expanded review of the medical aspects--early intervention, genetics, diseases and disorders, and treatments--of pediatric hearing loss as well as hearing and auditory disorders in infants, toddlers, and young children
Practical descriptions of age-specific testing protocols and hearing screening technologies, and early hearing loss detection and intervention procedures
Comprehensive coverage of amplification for children with hearing loss, including fitting and management issues in hearing aids, cochlear implants, and assistive listening devices
Valuable information on the role of family-centered services related to all aspects of childhood deafness
A revised appendix of hearing disorders that includes 90 syndromes and disorders associated with childhood deafness
Nearly 500 new and current references

Reviews

"...Authored by experts in the area of pediatric audiology with significant contributions from Deborah Hayes of Children's Hospital of Colorado, this is an excellent book that would be a must have for any pediatric audiologist. It allows the reader to easily grasp concepts, and excellent reference materials are presented throughout the book. The book would be an excellent purchase for any student in an audiology graduate program. I believe that the learner outcomes for the publication would prepare the student to apply the knowledge clinically. The foundations developed in the previous editions have been edited to reflect more current knowledge and technologies. The authors should be commended for this excellent textbook and their continued contributions to hearing in children."
—Shannon Blevins Bramlette, Au.D, CCC-A, in the International Journal of Audiology (2016)

"Named to Doody's Core Titles in the Health Sciences - Speech, Language & Hearing 2018 list."
—Doody's (2018)

Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements

Chapter 1: Hearing and Hearing Loss in Children
- Hearing Loss in Children—A Hidden Disability
- How We Hear
- The Nature of Hearing Loss
- Demographics of Childhood Hearing Loss
- Acoustics of Speech
- Team Management of Children with Hearing Impairment
- Audiologists with Specialty Training in Pediatric Hearing Loss

Chapter 2: Early Development
- Basic Principles of Genetic Inheritance
- Inheritance of Genetic Disorders
- Abnormalities Related to Gene/Environment Interaction
- Prenatal Development
- Fetal Development
- Development of Ears, Face and Palate
- The Nursery Environment
- Disorders of the Infant Respiratory System
- Disorders of the Cardiovascular System
- Disorders of the Central Nervous System
- Congenital Infections
- Genetic Counseling

Chapter 3: Auditory and Speech-Language Development
- Neuroplasticity
- Prenatal Hearing
- Neonatal Hearing Development
- Development of Oral Communication
- Questionnaires for Parents
- Studies of Speech Development
- Optimal Periods
- Listening
- Auditory Processing in Children

Chapter 4: Medical Aspects
- Medical Conditions of the External Ear
- Otitis Media
- Medical Disorders and Sensorineural Hearing Loss
- Childhood Infections Associated with Hearing Loss
- Cleft Palate
- Down Syndrome
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
- Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD)

Chapter 5: Early Intervention
- Early Intervention Services
- Implementation of Early Intervention
- Federal Mandates
- Cornerstones of Early Intervention
- Optimal Early Intervention Strategies
- Family-Centered Services
- Breaking the News to Parents
- The Audiologists Self-Understanding
- Intervention Strategies for the Child with Otitis Media
- Telepractice and Teleaudiology
- Hearing Dogs

Chapter 6: Behavioral Hearing Tests
- The Audiologist and the Child
- The Case History
- Reinforcement Theory
- Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (VRA): 6 Months to 2 Years of Age
- Conditioned Play Audiometry With Children Ages 2-4 Years
- Pediatric Speech Audiometry
- Speech Perception Testing
- Hearing Testing in the Older Child (5 Years and Older)
- Evaluating Hearing of Difficult-to-Test Children
- Functional Hearing Loss in Children

Chapter 7: Physiologic Hearing Tests
- Managing Toddlers for Physiologic Hearing Tests
- Acoustic Immittance Measures
- Clinical Applications of the Immittance Battery With Children
- Otoacoustic Emissions
- Evoked Auditory Responses
- Auditory Brainstem Evoked Responses (ABR)
- Auditory Middle-Latency Evoked Responses (MLR)
- Late Auditory Evoked Potentials (AEPs)
- Auditory Steady-State Responses (ASSR)
- Electrocochleography
- Sedation
- Vestibular Evaluation in Children
- Summary of Physiologic Auditory Testing

Chapter 8: Hearing Screening
- Principles of Screening
- Genetic Screening
- History of Newborn Hearing Screening
- Universal Newborn Hearing Screening
- Hearing Screening: Birth Through 6 Months
- Hearing Screening: Infants and Toddlers (7 Months to 3 Years)
- Hearing Screening Preschool Children (3 to 5 Years)
- Hearing Screening School-Age Children (5 to 18 Years)
- Screening for Middle Ear Disorders
- Hearing Screening of the Developmentally Delayed Child
- Screening Follow-Up Issues

Chapter 9: Amplification
- Pediatric Hearing Aid Fitting
- The Hearing Aid
- Hearing Aids for Children
- The Pediatric Hearing Aid Fitting Process
- Probe Microphone Measurements
- Prescriptive Fitting Methods
- Binaural Hearing Aids
- Frequency Response
- Hearing Aid Output
- The Earmold and Sound Channel
- Monitoring Childrens Hearing Aids
- Pediatric Cochlear Implants

Chapter 10: Education
- The Educational Audiologist
- Individuals with Disabilities Educational Act (IDEA)
- Educational Goals for the Child With Hearing Loss
- Current Status of Education
- Challenges in Teaching Deaf and Hearing-Impaired Students
- Implementing the Individualized Education Plan (IEP)
- Educational Methodologies
- Mainstream Education
- Classroom Acoustics
- Personal FM Systems
- Parent Education

Appendix A. Pediatric Hearing Disorders

Appendix B. Guidelines for Identification and Management of Infants and Young Children with Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder

References
Author Index
Subject Index

Authors

Jerry L. Northern

Jerry L. Northern, PhD, is professor emeritus at the University of Colorado School of Medicine where he served as head of the Audiology Department for more than 26 years. Dr. Northern is a native of Denver, Colorado, where he was raised by his deaf grandparents and grew up using American Sign Language. A prolific writer and editor of several professional journals, he has authored nearly a dozen textbooks in the areas of hearing and hearing disorders, including five previous editions of Hearing in Children and three editions of Hearing Disorders. Internationally known for his expertise in pediatric audiology, his professional background includes clinical practice, teaching, medical-legal industry experience, clinical and basic research, as well as consulting in nearly 30 countries. Dr. Northern is a founding member of the American Academy of Audiology and served as the organizations third president. He has been honored by numerous organizations for his contributions to the field of audiology.

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Marion P. Downs

Dr. Marion P. Downs (1914-2014) was a Distinguished Professor Emerita at the University of Colorado School of Medicine where she spent more than 35 years providing clinical services to benefit patients with hearing loss, devoting her professional life to the promotion of early identification of hearing loss in newborns, infants and young children. During her outstanding career at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Marion Downs created, developed and evaluated techniques for testing hearing in children and for fitting them, some as young as a few weeks of age, with hearing aids. She was among the first to recognize the need for using hearing aids for babies with hearing loss as early as possible, to help nurture speech, language, and communication skills during their critical development years.

Dr. Downs pioneered the first national infant hearing screening program in 1963 in Denver, CO and relentlessly pursued making the identification and management of hearing loss in infants and children an important medical and educational consideration and public health issue. Her success in bringing the importance of early identification of hearing loss to light has ultimately resulted in a current widespread national program, which makes newborn hearing screening a functioning preventative program today in more than 40 states across the US and in numerous foreign countries.

Dr. Downs is an exemplary teacher who has lectured extensively throughout the United States and in more than fifteen foreign countries. She has published nearly 100 articles and books on various aspects of audiology, including serving as co-author of Hearing in Children, a successful textbook updated through five editions between 1972 and 2004, and translated into several foreign languages. Hearing in Children was the cornerstone for thousands of audiologists-in-training to learn how to evaluate and manage children with hearing loss. Dr. Downs is recognized internationally for her work in pediatric audiology; her publications and lectures have brought worldwide attention to the importance of early intervention for hearing loss. She almost single-handedly alerted the medical world to the speech and language development problems associated with childhood hearing loss. In order to ensure that pediatric hearing loss would remain a priority concern for all pediatric health care professionals, in 1969, Dr. Downs proposed that a national committee be established, composed of representatives from professional hearing healthcare organizations, to periodically review and evaluate, as well as recommend "best practices" approaches, to newborn hearing screening programs. As a direct result of her visionary thinking, a national Joint Committee on Infant Hearing was organized to provide multi-disciplinary leadership and guidance for 35 years in all areas of newborn and infant hearing issues.

Marion Downs has received an extensive array of awards recognizing her contributions throughout her career. Among her many honors are: the Outstanding Achievement Award from her alma mater, the University of Minnesota, and Gold Medal Recognition from the University of Colorado School of Medicine. She is the recipient of three Honorary Doctorate Degrees: one from the University of Colorado, one from the University of Northern Colorado, and one from the University of Arizona School of Health Sciences. Dr. Downs has been awarded the Medal of the Ministry of Health of South Vietnam. She has been recognized with honors of nearly every professional hearing-related society including: the American Academy of Audiology, the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, the American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Society. She was a founder of the American Auditory Society and was invited to present the prestigious Carhart Memorial Lecture in 1980. She received an Outstanding Service Recognition Award from the American Medical Association for her work in teaching audiology in Vietnam. She was among the founders of the International Audiology Society, and has served on numerous committees, boards, and task forces on local, national and international projects. She served as the program chair for the International Audiology Congress on two occasions.

Dr. Downs changed the world for countless children, families and professionals who are especially grateful for her concern and wisdom, and who have benefitted from her devoted efforts to improve their com

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