Fundamentals of AAC: A Case-Based Approach to Enhancing Communication

Fundamentals of AAC: A Case-Based Approach to Enhancing Communication is a course-friendly textbook designed to walk readers through the theoretical and clinical underpinnings of assessment, intervention, and consultation for individuals with complex communication needs across the lifespan. Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) encompasses a variety of communication methods and is used by those with a wide range of speech and language impairments. With a consistent framework and descriptive case studies, as well as input from various stakeholders, readers can gain a comprehensive understanding of the needs of persons who use AAC and how to provide them with ethically and culturally considerate support.

Unlike other texts on this topic, this book empowers the reader to visualize AAC in action. Each chapter offers evidence-based information about the topic along with a case study. The case studies combined with short essays from various stakeholders illustrate the variety of ways in which AAC can enhance an individual’s connection with their communication partners and community, and the role of the speech-language pathologist as integral to this process.

Intended to easily translate into a 6-, 8-, or 13-week semester course, this textbook is divided into seven distinct sections:

• Section I provides an overview of AAC, no-tech, mid-tech, and high-tech AAC systems, as well as mobile technology and advancing technology.
• Section II discusses cultural and linguistic responsivity and how this underlies AAC systems and services.
• Section III reviews AAC assessment, intervention and implementation for toddlers, preschoolers, and school-aged individuals, along with goal-writing and data collection.
• Section IV covers assessment, intervention, and implementation for young adults and adults needing AAC.
• Section V offers the reader detailed information and rich examples of the application of AAC for persons with developmental disabilities.
• Section VI provides the theoretical foundation and exemplar case studies of AAC for persons with acquired disabilities.
• Section VII details consultation and training for various stakeholders, as well as tele-AAC services.

Key Features

• Overviews with key terms set the stage for each section
• 36 case studies with questions and visuals to clearly depict each case
• Boxes with practical tips and expert advice
• A PluralPlus companion website with diverse online resources for instructors in the Instructor’s Manual and video vignettes and tutorials for readers

Instructor test bank available on the Respondus Test Bank Network. 

Reviews

"A comprehensive text that will appeal to speech and language therapists at all stages of their careers, from undergraduate through to seasoned professionals working directly in the field.

Despite there being 64 contributors (mostly from the US), the editors have successfully managed to ensure a logical flow to the chapters, taking the reader from the system and language fundamentals of no/low, mid and high-tech examples of AAC (augmentative and alternative communication) through to assessment and interventions with differing caseloads spanning child to teenager to adult across a number of settings. Powerful use of case studies bring the individuals’ unique circumstances and requirements from AAC to life – much is made of the necessity to develop the system with the individual’s collaboration using vocabulary and phrases that are meaningful to them. I know from experience that communication charts rustled up by the well-meaning SLTs without such collaboration are destined to gather dust in a drawer and never see the light of day. There is refreshing consideration to cultural aspects of the individual’s life, whether this be faith or sexuality, and how this can be represented via AAC – the vocabulary lists are particularly useful.

The text is interspersed with essays that are thought provoking – i.e. expansion of the digital arena and its effects on AAC and ethical considerations in critical health situations (informed consent) – and could be useful journal club topics, prompting wider discussion.

As a manager in an acute setting, I was particularly impressed by the chapters on dementia, neurodegenerative disorders and the intensive care setting, and have been prompted to consider how we deliver an appropriate AAC service to these patients."
—Hayley Forrest, Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, UK, in ENT & Audiology News (January/February 2024)

"Fundamentals of AAC: A Case-Based Approach to Enhancing Communication provides a great foundation to explore many of the processes involved in supporting someone who uses AAC from gathering case history to assessment; target setting to implementation. The textbook would be a useful starting point for a clinician interested in the field of AAC and also as a reference book for those already practising in this area who perhaps work with a range of client groups. The information is up-to-date, considering the latest technology and research from recent years."
—Sarah Alderman Reilly, Specialist Speech and Language Therapist, in Child Language Teaching and Therapy, 2023, Vol. 39(3) 275–276

"Professionals often feel underprepared to assess, treat, and implement communication systems, and this book equips clinicians with the confidence to explore clients' needs, evaluate different devices, and consider the advantages and disadvantages of each. Experts in the field acknowledge that assessment, treatment, and implementation of AAC is unique for each individual and consider one's cognitive-linguistic profile, physical skills, sense of self, and psychosocial needs, including family and community. The chapters target these considerations as each author discusses a specific topic, such as choosing
vocabulary, tech level, type of devices, and training. ...The book provides a thorough representation of what clinicians might encounter when considering a low-tech, mid-tech, or high-tech communication system, regardless of the professional setting. It also covers the lifespan from infants to end of life. The book discusses ethical considerations, cultural topics for African American, Hispanic, and LGBTQIA+ communities, and religious topics, such as addressing faith-based vocabulary for Protestant Christian, Jewish, and Muslim users. The content is well organized and thorough in its presentation. Each author engages readers through a presentation related to the topic, using visuals and a stimulating case study. The chapters are relatively
short and easy to follow.  ...This extensive resource will be invaluable to those working with a variety of populations.
As a practicing speech-language pathologist in the field, I feel that the case studies are thought provoking
and applicable to the various populations that clinicians encounter on a daily basis."
—Darcie Hultberg, BA, MS, CCC-SLP, Biola University, for Doody' Reviews

"This is the MOST complete and integrated text I’ve seen, and I think I have desk copies of every AAC text in print.  ...I especially appreciate the consistent organization of the case studies. I think this will maximize what students/clinicians are able to take away in terms of a clinical reasoning perspective.  ...This book integrates the components of AAC practice that I have cobbled together over the last five years of teaching AAC to graduate students. I especially appreciate the Essays component and the extensive resources on culturally and linguistically diverse clients. The acknowledgement of religion as a major life function and the vocabulary subsets included are unique to this text. Addressing the needs of queer clients is huge, as is acknowledging and confronting the realities of sexual exploitation of people with disabilities. Further, this text really tackles goal writing and data collection (including prompting hierarchies and techniques) in a way that helps clinicians focus on the things that are IMPORTANT to measure rather than CONVENIENT to measure – a distinction I work hard to instill in my graduate cohorts. IPE/IPP and consideration processes for AAC are vital, and I appreciate the inclusion of communication partner training sections. The case profiles are fantastic as are the wide varieties of disorders/contexts in which AAC might be integrated (especially complex trauma, issues with CVI, differentiating developmental disorders and addressing them individually – all very appreciated)."
—Nikki Murphy, MS, CCC-SLP, Lecturer and Graduate Adviser, Department of Speech Pathology & Audiology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine

"The book was honestly well written, extremely relevant and up to date, included case studies for application, included protocols to use to help with problem solving different cases, and highlighted current paradigm shifts and reasons for these shifts.  It would be a great book for every SLP to have who is working or interested in working with client who use AAC.  ...I love the examples of cases throughout to prove particular points and to allow the reader to practice problem solving. All of the information was evidence based.  ...This book includes EVERYTHING one would want and need to know about AAC. I would utilize this book throughout my academic course and clinical practicum course."
—Christina Loveless, MS, CCC-SLP, Assistant Clinical Professor, Communication Sciences and Disorders Department, St. Louis University

"A strength of this book includes "the inclusion of several concepts that are often not included in these type of texts! I was especially excited about cultural consideration, teletherapy, caregiver coaching and clinician training, transition, data collection, end of life care, and special populations!"
—Hesper Holland, MS, CCC-SLP, Assistant Professor, Department of Speech-Language Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center 

"A wonderful resource in an easy-to-read format that provides the most current and relevant information about all things AAC! The case studies are a great way to illustrate the points made in the narrative. Authorship by an AAC user such as Chris Klein helps support the need for understanding in this area. The book covers the lifespan of AAC (children to adults) and addresses low-tech to high-tech options in a variety of settings (school, home, ICU, etc).  ...I particularly like the information on tele-AAC. As practitioners."
—Jyutika Mehta, PhD, CCC-SLP, Professor, Department of Communication Sciences and Oral Health, Texas Woman’s University 

"The AAC content within the textbook is excellent and relevant to AAC application, current issues, and needs in the field. This text would also be beneficial to SLPs practicing in the field who are new to AAC or who need a refresher. ...I believe the strengths of this book are related to highly experienced researchers and practitioners who contributed to the creation of the content. Chapters that relate to Cultural/Linguistic and Gender issues are highly needed additions to the field of AAC and I have rarely seen such extensive information regarding these topics in current textbooks. ...I am excited to see a different spin on an AAC textbook. The case examples are critical pieces to helping our students and current practitioners understand and problem solve real issues in AAC."
—Laura E. Smith, MA, CCC-L/SLP, TSHH, Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York

"I appreciate the cases and the essays to drive home the points of the chapters. The parent essays are a nice touch to give students an idea of what parents of AAC users go through. ...I do not know of any other textbook that includes information on Mobile AAC. They may mention apps and IOS or android platforms but not to the level of information that this chapter provides. That chapter was very helpful for me as an instructor!  ...I really appreciate the extent of Adult information that is contained in this book. I typically have to pull from several resources to cover all of the adult content areas and they are really all found in this one text.  ...I believe this textbook would be helpful for practicing SLPs in the field who never took an AAC course."
—Nicole W. Gallagher, MS, CCC-SLP, Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, University of Connecticut 

"Strengths of this book: The variety of case studies, and that they are engaging to read. They will hold the reader’s attention and teach them something along the way. Also, the range of contributors is diverse and it discusses things that I haven’t seen elsewhere."
—Vicki L. Haddix, MS, CCC-SLP, Clinical Associate Professor, School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Memphis

"This book provides a comprehensive introduction of AAC for students new to AAC, whether at the undergraduate or graduate level. In addition to a strong coverage of theory and foundational concepts, it includes relevant case studies, and a significant amount of visual support. The book highlights many complex issues facing both individuals with complex communication needs and the professionals working with them. ...The material is well integrated. Your inclusion of the information about Luterman and counselling is very forward thinking. As well, the material about aphasia, TBI, and dementia was discussed thoroughly.  The discussion of end-of-life issues was very well done, as were other “hot topics,” including crime, and sexuality."
—Margaret Vento-Wilson, PhD, CCC-SLP, Assistant Professor, California State University, Long Beach, Department of Speech-Language Pathology

"I like how the authors delineated between no-Tech/Lite-Tech, Mid/High Tech AAC.  I get many questions about what makes what device “low tech/high tech”. Another strength was the inclusion of cultural considerations within the area of AAC, there just isn't a lot of good/solid information reported on within this area. I also appreciated the data collection/goal writing portion of the text along with the inclusion of telehealth. ...Teaching the course, I have not had experiences with many adults, so I am restricted as to what I can share from my professional background, having adult case studies reinforce each part of the text is so helpful!"
—Katherine M. Czelatdko, MS, CCC-SLP, Clinical Assistant Professor, Speech Pathology and Audiology, Marquette University

Preface
Acknowledgments 
About the Editors
Contributors
Reviewers

Section I. AAC System Fundamentals
Chapter 1. A Co-Constructed Description of AAC
Nerissa Hall, Hillary K. Jellison, Maria Burke, William Burke, Craig Burke, and Julia Serra
       Introduction 
       Fundamentals 
            A Change in Focus 
            A Co-Constructed Understanding of AAC 
            In Conclusion 
       Case Study: WB
            Clinical Profile and Communication Needs 
            The AAC System
            Next Steps 
       References

Chapter 2. No-Tech AAC 
Amal M. Maghazil
        Fundamentals 
            Unaided AAC
            Aided AAC 
            In Conclusion 
        Case Study: PG 
            Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
            Next Steps
        References

Chapter 3. Mid- and High-Tech AAC
Elena M. Fader
        Fundamentals 
            Mid-Tech AAC 
            High-Tech AAC 
            Communicative Purpose 
            In Conclusion 
        Case Study: RA
            Clinical Profile and Communication Needs
            Next Steps 
        References

Chapter 4. Mobile AAC
Oliver Wendt
        Fundamentals 
             Introduction: What Are Mobile Technologies? 
             The Mobile Technology Revolution in AAC 
             Principles in Mobile Technology Application Design
             Research Evidence and Funding Issues Related to Mobile Technology
        Case Study: LM 
             Clinical Profile and Communication Needs 
             AAC Considerations 
             The AAC System or Service 
             Next Steps 
         References 

Chapter 5. Physical Access Features of AAC
Kathryn D’Agostino Russo
         Fundamentals 
             What Is Alternate Access and Who Is It for? 
             Types of Alternate Access 
             Assessment for Alternate Access 
             Multimodal and Low-Tech Access for Communication 
             Considering Multiple Methods of Access 
             Access and Mobile Tablets 
             Learning Language and Access Skills 
             In Conclusion 
        Case Study: JB 
             Clinical Profile and Communication Needs 
             AAC Considerations 
             The AAC System or Service 
             Next Steps 
         References 

Essay 1. Clinical Considerations and AAC: The Future of AAC 
Mai Ling Chan
         References

Section II. AAC Language Fundamentals
Essay 2. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Culture and Social and Economic
Determinants of Health and the Use of AAC
Ellen R. Cohn and Mario C. Browne
         What Are Social Determinants of Health?
             Scenario 1: A Family Suffering From Societal and Economic Stressors 
             Scenario 2: A Family With Superior Resources 
         Digital Resources and Social Determinants of Health 
         References 

Chapter 6. Cultural and Linguistic Responsivity in AAC
Gloria Soto and Marika King
         Fundamentals 
             Consequences of Subtractive Bilingual Environments for AAC Users 
             Building Additive Bilingual Environments for AAC Users 
             Culturally and Linguistically Responsive Assessment 
             Culturally and Linguistically Responsive Intervention 
         Case Study: JR 
             Clinical Profile and Communication Needs 
             Next Steps 
         References 

Chapter 7. Language and Vocabulary Features of AAC 
Brittney Cooper, MariaTeresa “Teri” H. Muñoz, and Gloria Soto
         Fundamentals 
             General Considerations
             Vocabulary Selection Frameworks 
             Types of Vocabulary 
             Vocabulary Selection Tools 
             In Conclusion 
         Case Study: AN 
             Clinical Profile and Communication Needs 
             Next Steps 
          References 

Essay 3. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Introduction to Models of Culture 
Ellen R. Cohn and John W. Gareis
          Edward T. Hall’s Cultural Iceberg Model 
          Purnell’s Model for Cultural Competence 
          Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Model 
          Conclusion 
          References 

Essay 4. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Introduction to African American
Culture—Cultural Values and Communicating Respect
Paula K. Davis
          References 

Essay 5. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Introduction to Hispanic Culture ––
Cultural Values and Communicating Respect
Glen M. Tellis
          Cultural Values and Communicating Respect 
             Respect for Authority 
             Cultural Values and Other Aspects 
          References

Essay 6. Cultural Considerations and AAC: LGBTQIA+ Affirmative Practice: 
Empowering Our Queer Clients and Families
Gazit Chaya Nkosi
          Vocabulary and Definitions 
          References 

Essay 7. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Self-Evaluation of Cultural Competence
Dorian Lee-Wilkerson and Shelly Chabon
           References

Essay 8. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Religious Considerations
John W. Gareis
           Diet 
           Prescription Medication 
           Medical Procedures 
          Conclusion 
          References 

Essay 9. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Essential Faith-Based Vocabulary
for Protestant Christian Users of AAC
John W. Gareis

Essay 10. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Essential Vocabulary for Jewish
Users of AAC
Karen J. Golding-Kushner
           How the Deity Is Referred To 
           Titles of Religious Leaders and Other Key Figures 
           Things We Read and Write 
           Ritual Objects and Related Things 
           What We Do and Say 
           Holidays and Celebrations 
           Praying: Key Prayers, Blessings, and Names of Services 
           Where We Go: Houses of Worship, Study, and Gathering 
           Family
           Life-Span Topics 
           Food 
           Who We Are 
           Guidance on Use of This Vocabulary 
           Reference 

Essay 11. Cultural Considerations and AAC: Essential Vocabulary for 
Muslim Users of AAC
Amal M. Maghazil
           Guidance on Use of This Vocabulary 
           Deity/God 
           Religious Texts 
           Religious Leaders and Other Key Figures 
           Houses of Worship 
           Ritual Objects/Related Things 
           Actions 
           Greetings/Sayings 
           Holidays and Celebrations 
           Prayers and Names of Services 
           Family 
           Life-Span Topics 
           Food 
           Who We Are 
           References 

Section III. AAC Assessment, Intervention, and Implementation for
Infants, Toddlers, and School-Aged Individuals

Essay 12. Ethical Considerations and AAC: A Framework for Ethical 
Communication and Practice
Paula Leslie
           References 

Essay 13. Ethical Considerations and AAC: A Consumer’s Perspective
Chris Klein and Katya Hill

Chapter 8. Assessing Toddlers and Preschoolers 
Meher Banajee
           Fundamentals 
                General Principles of Assessment of Toddlers and Preschoolers 
                Preparation for the Assessment 
                Assessment 
           Case Study: RC 
                Clinical Profile and Communication Needs 
                Rationale for Clinical Decision-Making 
                Next Steps 
           References 

Chapter 9. Intervention and Implementation for Toddlers and Preschoolers 
Using AAC
Barbara Weber
            Fundamentals 
            Case Study: IB 
                Clinical Profile and Communication Needs 
                The AAC System 
                Rationale for Clinical Decision-Making 
                Next Steps
             References 

Chapter 10. Assessing School-Aged Individuals 
Sarah Gregory
             Fundamentals 
            Case Study: RJ 
                 Clinical Profile and Communication Needs 
                 The AAC System or Service Considerations 
                 AAC Considerations 
                 Next Steps 
            References

Chapter 11. Intervention and Implementation for School-Aged Individuals 
Using AAC
Amanda Soper
            Fundamentals 
                 Intervention Across the Five Domains of Language 
                 Intervention Across AAC Competencies 
                 Innovation/Modifications to Existing Language Therapy Tools 
                 Descriptive Teaching Method 
                 Support and Teaching Strategies 
            Case Study: JV 
                 Clinical Profile and Communication Needs 
                 Ongoing Assessment 
                 Intervention Strategies and Implementation Supports 
            References 

Essay 14. Clinical Considerations and AAC:AAC and Literacy 
Lesley Quinn
            Reference 

Chapter 12. Data Collection and Goal Writing in AAC 
Kate Grandbois and Amy Wonkka
            Fundamentals 
                Goal Writing 
            Case Study: SB 
                Clinical Profile and Communication Needs 
                The Data Collection System 
                The Rationale for Clinical Decision-Making 
                Next Steps 
            References 

Essay 15. Clinical Considerations and AAC: Visual Support for AAC
Amy Wonkka and Kate Grandbois

Chapter 13. AAC for the Child in End-of-Life Care
Rachel Santiago
            Fundamentals 
                 The Care Team at End-of-Life 
                 Communication Planning 
                 Common Needs and Symptoms Children May Experience at End-of-Life 
                 AAC Considerations at End-Of-Life 
                 Conclusion 
            Case Study: GM 
                 Clinical Profile and Communication Needs 
                 AAC Considerations 
                 Next Steps 
            References

Section IV. AAC Assessment, Intervention, and Implementation 
for Adults

Chapter 14. Services for Young Adults Using AAC Transitioning to Adulthood 
Diane Nelson Bryen
            Fundamentals 
                Prologue 
                New and Emerging Communication Technologies 
                AAC and the Importance of Transition 
            Case Study: CK 
                Clinical Profile and Communication Needs 
                AAC Considerations 
                Next Steps 
            References 

Chapter 15. Assessing Adults
Jeffrey K. Riley, Lois Turner, and Stacey Harpell
            Fundamentals 
                 Communication Assessment and Action Plan 
                 Final Report 
            Case Study: GB 
                 Clinical Profile and Communication Needs 
                 The Assessment 
                 Next Steps 
            References 

Essay 16. Ethical Considerations and AAC: Ethical Vendor Relationships
Katya Hill
            References

Chapter 16. Intervention and Implementation for Adults With 
Neurodegenerative Disorders Using AAC
Catherine Kanter, Emily Kornman, and Annette M. Stone
            Fundamentals 
                 Education and Counseling 
                 Preservation 
                 Augmentation 
                 Adaptation 
                 Final Thoughts 
            Case Study: SH 
                 Clinical Profile and Communication Needs 
                 AAC System or Service Considerations 
                 Next Steps 
             References 

Chapter 17. AAC for the Individual in the Intensive Care Unit 
Richard R. Hurtig and Tami Altschuler
             Fundamentals 
                 Introduction: Communication Risks and Barriers Including Health Disparities, 
                     Diversity, and Inclusion
                 Special Considerations for the Intensive Care Unit 
                 Patient Care Standards 
                 Communication Partner Training and Interprofessional Practice 
                 Life-Sustaining Decision-Making and End-of-Life Communication 
                 Best Practices Models 
                 Conclusion 
             Case Study: EG 
                 Clinical Profile and Communication Needs 
                 AAC Considerations 
                 Next Steps 
             References 

Chapter 18. AAC for Adults in End-of-Life Care
Amanda Stead
             Fundamentals 
                 Communication Difficulties at End-of-Life 
                 How AAC Can Support Communication, Socialization, and Decision-Making 
             Case Study: KM 
                 Clinical Profile and Communication Needs 
                 AAC Considerations 
                 The AAC System or Service 
                 Next Steps 
              References 

Section V. AAC for Persons With Developmental Disabilities

Essay 17. Clinical Considerations and AAC: A Parent’s Perspective 
Danielle A. Wagoner
              Language 
              Include 
              Support 
              Team 
              Encourage 
              Normalize 
              Always L.I.S.T.E.N. 

Chapter 19. AAC for Persons With Developmental Disabilities 
Jeeva John
              The Fundamentals 
                  Challenging Behaviors and the Role of Speech-Language Pathologists 
                  AAC Evolves Across Their Life Span 
                  Establish “Buy-in” and Prepare for the Communication Journey
                  Assessment and Selecting a Tool 
                  Investigative Intervention 
                  Designing a Meaningful Communication System
                  Consultation Services 
              Case Study: KC 
                  Clinical Profile and Communication Needs 
                  AAC Considerations 
                  Next Steps 
              References 

Chapter 20. AAC for Persons With Autism Spectrum Disorder 
Tanushree Saxena-Chandhok, Deborah Xinyi Yong, and Sarah Miriam Yong Oi Tsun
              Fundamentals 
                   SETT Framework 
                   Communicative Competence 
                   AAC Intervention Strategies 
                   The Role of the Caregiver in AAC Intervention 
              Case Study: EL 
                   Clinical Profile and Communication Needs 
                   AAC Considerations 
                   Next Steps 
              References 

Chapter 21. AAC for Persons With Cerebral Palsy 
Katya Hill
              Fundamentals 
                   AAC Strategies and Technology 
                   AAC Assessment
                   Intervention 
              Case Study: PL 
                   Clinical Profile and Communication Needs 
                   AAC System and Service Considerations 
                   Next Steps 
              References 

Essay 18. Clinical Considerations and AAC: The Other “A” for “Augmentative” 
Rebecca M. Lavelle

Chapter 22. AAC for Persons With Specific Sensory Impairments 
Lesley Quinn and Hillary K. Jellison
               Fundamentals 
                   Dual Sensory Impairment 
                   Cortical Visual Impairment
                   AAC and Sensory Impairments 
               Case Study: HS 
                   Clinical Profile and Communication Needs 
                   AAC Considerations 
                   Next Steps 
               References 

Chapter 23. AAC for Individuals With Sensory Integration Challenges 
Sarah Gregory and Elisa Wern
               Fundamentals 
                   Competencies Versus Sensory Integration Areas 
                   Considerations for the Trial Process 
                   Instructional Strategies 
               Case Study: ES 
                   Clinical Profile and Communication Needs 
                   AAC Considerations 
                   The AAC System or Service 
                   Next Steps
               References 

Chapter 24. AAC for Persons With Complex Trauma 
Lesley Quinn
                Fundamentals 
                Case Study: PW 
                    Clinical Profile and Communication Needs 
                    AAC Considerations 
                    Next Steps 
                References 

Section VI. AAC for Persons With Acquired Disabilities 

Essay 19. Ethical Considerations and AAC: Critical Health Situations, 
Informed Consent, and the Importance of Appropriate AAC
Paula Leslie
                References 

Chapter 25. AAC for Persons With Traumatic Brain Injury 
Lindsay R. James Riegler and Laura P. Klug
                Fundamentals 
                     Review of Cognitive-Communication Deficits in TBI 
                AAC Versus Assistive Technology Versus Information and Communication Technologies 
                     Augmentative and Alternative Communication 
                     Assistive Technology 
                     Information and Communication Technologies 
                Special Considerations
               Case Study: TH 
                     Clinical Profile and Communication Needs 
                     AAC Considerations 
                     Next Steps 
               References 

Chapter 26. AAC for Persons With Motor Speech Disorders 
Mary Andrianopoulos
               Fundamentals 
               Case Study: RL 
                     Clinical Profile and Communication Needs 
                     AAC Considerations 
                     Next Steps 
                References 

Chapter 27. AAC for Persons With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 
Telina Caudill
                Fundamentals 
                Communication Symptoms 
                     Dysarthria 
                     Voice Disorder 
                     Cognitive-Communication 
                     Dysphagia 
                Communication Needs 
                Intervention Phases 
                      Phase 1: Monitor, Prepare, and Support 
                      Phase 2: Assess, Recommend, and Implement 
                      Phase 3: Adapt and Accommodate 
                Case Study: RP 
                      Clinical Profile and Communication Needs 
                      AAC System or Service Considerations 
                      The Rationale for Clinical Decision-Making 
                      Next Steps 
                 References 

Chapter 28. AAC for Persons With Aphasia 
Kimberly A. Eichhorn
                 Fundamentals 
                 Case Study: WP 
                       Clinical Profile and Communication Needs 
                       AAC Considerations 
                       Next Steps 
                 References 

Chapter 29. AAC for Persons With Dementia 431
Vanessa L. Burshnic-Neal
                 Fundamentals 
                       Setting the Stage for AAC Use in Dementia 
                 Strengths and Deficits in Dementia 
                       Memory 
                       Communication 
                 Strengths and Deficits in Dementia: Clinical Implications 
                 Guidelines for Developing AAC for People With Dementia 
                 Examples of AAC for People With Dementia 
                       Supported Preference Assessment 
                       Memory Books 
                       Orientation Aids 
                       Reminder Cards
                       Activities of Daily Living Support 
                       Supporting Care Partners 
                 Conclusion 
                 Case Study: AM 
                       Clinical Profile and Communication Needs 
                       AAC Considerations 
                       The Rationale for Clinical Decision-Making 
                       Next Steps 
                 References 

Chapter 30. AAC for Persons Who Are Medically Complex 
Abygail E. Marx and Sarah Marshall
                 Fundamentals 
                       Introduction 
                       Participation Framework 
                 Case Study: LG 
                       Clinical Profile and Communication Needs 
                       AAC System or Service Considerations 
                       Next Steps 
                 References 

Section VII. AAC Services for Stakeholders 

Chapter 31. AAC Consultation 
Erin S. Sheldon
                 Introduction
                       Terminology 
                 The Fundamentals of AAC Consultation 
                        Limits of the Traditional AAC Consultation Process 
                        Collaborative Consultation 
                 The Collaborative Consultation Process 
                        Speech-Language Pathologists as Learners 
                        Speech-Language Pathologists as Teachers 
                        Developing Consensus on the Problem 
                         Shared Decision-Making 
                        Building Capacity for AAC Implementation
                 Case Study: JE 
                        Clinical Profile and Communication Needs 
                        Next Steps 
                  References 

Chapter 32. Communication Partner Training for Families 
Tabitha Jones-Wohleber
                  Fundamentals 
                  Family Characteristics 
                 AAC in Everyday Life 
                        All-the-Time Access 
                        Leverage Requesting 
                        “Something Different”—All-the-Time Choice 
                        Referencing 
                        Before, During, and After 
                 Spiraling Learning Experiences for AAC Communication Partners: Four Key Elements 
                        Information 
                        Tools/Technology 
                        Skills 
                        Habits 
                 Case Study: PH
                        Clinical Profile and Communication Needs 
                        AAC Service Considerations 
                        Next Steps 
                 References 

Chapter 33. Communication Partner Training for Clinicians 
Tabitha Jones-Wohleber
                 Fundamentals 
                 Communication-Partner Training 
                        Responsive and Engaging Communication Partners 
                 Supporting Adult Learners to Teach AAC
                        Models of Support 
                        Designing Effective Learning Opportunities for Communication Partners 
                 Barriers to AAC Implementation 
                        Opportunity Barriers Include Attitude, Knowledge, Skill, Practice, and Policy Barriers 
                 Case Study: JT 
                        Clinical Profile and Communication Needs 
                        AAC Considerations for Training 
                        Next Steps 
                 References 

Chapter 34. Communication Partner Training for Staff 
Jill E. Senner and Matthew R. Baud
                 Fundamentals 
                 Case Study: BT 
                        Clinical Profile and Communication Needs 
                        AAC Considerations
                        Next Steps 
                 References 

Chapter 35. Tele-AAC: The Basics 
Michelle Boisvert
                 Fundamentals 
                        Methods of Tele-AAC Service Delivery 
                        Hardware and Software Considerations 
                 Case Study: JS 
                        Clinical Profile and Communication Needs 
                        Tele-AAC Setup for Optimal Visual Access 
                        Next Steps
                 References 

Chapter 36. Tele-AAC for Service Delivery 
Michelle Boisvert
                 Fundamentals 
                 Case Study: JS 
                        Clinical Profile and Communication Needs 
                        The AAC System or Service
                        Next Steps 
                 References 

Essay 20. Clinical Considerations and AAC: Building My AAC Village 
Tannalynn Neufeld

Index 

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